Lesson Plan #: AELP-ATH0209
Submitted by: Tina Zeglin
Email: brstgang@yahoo.com
School/University/Affiliation: University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown
Endorsed by: Mr. Bernard Poole
             University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown
Date: September 8, 2003

Grade Level: Kindergarten, 1

Subject(s):

• Mathematics/Arithmetic
• Language Arts/Literature/Children’s Literature

Duration: 45 minutes

Description: Students will discover the various ways they can combine two numbers to equal a sum of 10. Students will also identify patterns among the different sets of addends.

Goals: Pennsylvania Academic Standards for Mathematics :

• 2.1.3. Numbers, Number Systems and Number Relationships
  A. Count using whole numbers (to 10,000) and by 2’s, 3’s, 5’s, 10’s, 25’s and 100’s.
  B. Use whole numbers and fractions to represent quantities.
  C. Represent equivalent forms of the same number through the use of concrete objects, drawings, word names and symbols.
  G. Use concrete objects to count, order and group.
  K. Describe the inverse relationship between addition and subtraction.
  L. Demonstrate knowledge of basic facts in four basic operations.
• 2.4.3. Mathematical Reasoning and Connections
  A. Make, check and verify predictions about the quantity, size and shape of objects and groups of objects.
• 2.5.3. Mathematical Problem Solving and Communication
  A. Use appropriate problem-solving strategies (e.g., guess and check, working backwards).

Objectives:

Materials:

• Ten Black Dots by Donald Crews
• black and red construction paper
• scissors
• two circle templates for the dots and ladybugs (templates need to be created by the teacher; this web site has a helpful template)
• Ziploc plastic bags
• pencils
• recording sheets (need to be created by the teacher)

Procedure:

Getting Ready:
Ask students what number appears on the front cover of, Ten Black Dots , by Donald Crews (10). Read the story to the class to familiarize them with the sequential pattern of the numbers 1 to 10. Tell the students about today’s lesson, What can we do with ten black dots (similar to the question asked in the beginning of the book) to find the different ways of combining two numbers to get the sum of 10? Each group of students will receive one bag containing 10 black dots and two blank ladybugs. Students will place the black dots in different combinations onto the two blank ladybugs to collectively equal 10. Model by placing three dots on the first ladybug and seven dots on the second ladybug. For 15-20 minutes, the groups will work cooperatively to discover and record all the different ways of combining two numbers to get the sum of 10. Instruct the students to work in their usual groups of two. Remind students of the work rules (your classroom work rules) and the time allowed for the problem solving activity. After the activity, the groups will collect their materials and make two piles (one for the bag of dots and another for the blank ladybugs) and stack the piles on a designated desk. Student Work:
Students are at tables communicating about the different combinations of two numbers needed to get the sum of 10. Students are using numerals to represent the different ways they have combined two numbers to equal 10 by recording each combination onto their recording papers. The teacher is moving around, asking questions, observing work, making suggestions, and guiding when needed. The groups will clean up their material according to the instructions.

Class Discourse:
Students will bring their recording papers and gather in front of the chalkboard. Ask each group how many different ways they used two numbers to get the sum of 10. Record each new way on the chalkboard. Provide illustrations if most groups did not find that particular way of obtaining the sum of 10. The class will discuss the various ways each group used to get the sum of 10 and encourage the students to find patterns among their examples (i.e., 3 and 7, 7 and 3).

Assessment: Did students work cooperatively in their groups to identify, record, and communicate the various ways to use two numbers to equal the sum of 10? Collect students’ recording papers.

Useful Internet Resource:
* Pennsylvania Academic Standards for Mathematics
http://www.pde.state.pa.us/k12/lib/k12/MATH.pdf