Question/Problem 6: How did challenges to the government lead to broadened interpretations of the Constitution?

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What were the challenges   |How were these      |In what ways were the
to the Government?	   |challenges resolved?|interpretations of the 
					  	|Constitution broadened? 
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1789:  Many people feared 
the newly created government 
would be too powerful.  Some 
argued that protection of the 
rights of individuals should
be included in the Constitution.
(See index:  Bill of Rights)



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1791:  The nation faced financial 
problems after the Revolutionary 
War.  Alexander Hamilton proposed
a national bank to hold the nation's 
reserves, but Thomas Jefferson and 
others criticized it as unconstitutional.  
(See index:  Bank of the United States)





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1790's:  Federalists supported a 
broad reading of the Constitution, 
expansive executive powers and a
neutral or pro-British Foreign policy.  
Republicans supported a narrow reading 
of the Constitution, limited executive 
powers, and a pro-French policy.  These 
two evolving parties faced each other 
in the presidential elections of 1796
and 1800.
(See index:  Political Parities)
 




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1798:  Disputes with France 
threatened to plunge the
United States into war with 
its former ally.  John
Adams signed the Sedition 
Act that made it illegal
to criticize the government.
(See index:  Alien and
Sedition Acts)



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1803:  In 1801 in his last 
weeks in office, President 
Adams appointed Federalists 
to many new Federal	
judgeships.  President 
Jefferson and Secretary of 
States James Madison refused 
to deliver one Commission, 
and he sued Madison in the 
Supreme Court.  
(See index:  Marbury v. Madison).





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